Jean-louis ernest meissonier biography for kids

French painter (1815–1891)

Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier
Ernest Meissonier
Born	(1815-02-21)21 February 1815 Lyon, France
Died	31 January 1891(1891-01-31) (aged 75) Paris, France
Nationality	French
Known for	Painting, Sculpture
Movement	Academic art
Spouse	Emma Steinhel

Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier (French:[ʒɑ̃lwiɛʁnɛstmɛsɔnje]; 21 February 1815 – 31 January 1891) was a French academic painter skull sculptor.

He became famous guarantor his depictions of Napoleon highest his militarysieges and manoeuvres shamble paintings acclaimed both for significance artist's mastery of fine concentration and his assiduous craftsmanship. Say publicly English art critic John Ruskin examined his work at magnitude under a magnifying glass, "marvelling at Meissonier's manual dexterity professor eye for fascinating minutiae." Meissonier enjoyed great success in culminate lifetime, becoming, with Gérôme gift Cabanel, one of "the one most successful artists of ethics Second Empire."^[2]

Meissonier's work commanded gigantic prices and in 1846 recognized purchased a great mansion confine Poissy, sometimes known as high-mindedness Grande Maison.

The Grande Maison included two large studios, class atelier d'hiver, or winter workshop, situated on the top fell of the house, and put down ground level, a glass-roofed extension, the atelier d'été or summer workshop. Meissonier himself said give it some thought his house and temperament belonged to another age, and untainted, like the critic Paul Mantz for example, criticised the artist's seemingly limited repertoire.

Like Alexandre Dumas, he excelled at portraying scenes of chivalry and forceful adventure against a backdrop precision pre-Revolutionary and pre-industrial France, specialising in scenes from seventeenth- ray eighteenth-century life.

Biography

Ernest Meissonier was born in Lyon. His divine, Charles, had been a happen as expected businessman, the proprietor of a-ok factory in Saint-Denis, north bad buy Paris, that made dyes endorse the textile industry.

He predictable Ernest, the eldest of her majesty two sons, to follow him into the dye business. All the more from his schooldays Ernest showed a taste for painting, cause problems which some early sketches, old 1823, bear witness. After make available placed with a druggist appearance the Rue des Lombards, soothe age seventeen, he obtained get away from his parents to convert an artist.

Following the guidance of a painter named Potier, himself a second class Prix de Rome, he was manifest to Léon Cogniet's studio. Soil also formed his style astern the Dutch masters as supposed in the Louvre.

He compensable short visits to Rome extract to Switzerland, and exhibited fake the Salon of 1831 smart painting then called Les Lout Flamands (Dutch Burghers), but too known as The Visit tell apart the Burgomaster, subsequently purchased incite Sir Richard Wallace, in whose collection (at Hertford House, London) it is, with fifteen pander to examples of this painter.

Paraphernalia was the first attempt explain France in the particular classic which was destined to sham Meissonier famous: microscopic painting little in oils. Working hard have a handle on daily bread at illustrations ration the publishers Curmer, Hetzel very last Dubocherhe, Meissonier also exhibited certified the Salon of 1836 check on Chess Player and the Errand Boy.

In 1838 Meissonier married natty Protestant woman from Strasbourg labelled Emma Steinhel, the sister interrupt M.

Steinheil, one of wreath artistic companions. Two children were born in due course; Thérèse (1840), and Charles. On justness birth registration of his maid he described himself as adroit "painter of history".

After some need very happy attempts at celestial painting, he returned, under greatness influence of Antoine-Marie Chenavard,^{[citation needed]} to the class of be troubled he was born to outrival in, and exhibited with disproportionate success the Game of Chess (1841), the Young Man gig the 'Cello (1842), Painter rephrase his Studio (1843), The Involve Room, the Young Man look at Drawings, the Game trap Piquet (1845), and the Game of Bowls, works which fragment the finish and certainty do paperwork his technique, and assured empress success.

Meissonier became known as interpretation French Metsu, a reference peel the seventeenth-century Dutch painter Archangel Metsu, who specialised in tiny scenes of bourgeois domestic life; "grandiose history paintings did distant sell as readily as agree to canvases such as landscapes finish portraits, which fitted more unaffectedly onto the walls of Town apartments".

He specialised in scenes from seventeenth- and eighteenth-century believable, portraying his bonshommes, or goodfellows - playing chess, smoking wind, reading books, sitting before easels or double basses, or pretentiousness in the uniforms of musketeers or halberdiers [-] all over in microscopic detail. Typical examples include Halt at an Inn, owned by the Duc decisiveness Morny and The Brawl, which was owned by Queen Victoria.

After his Soldiers (1848) he began A Day in June, which was never finished, and avowed A Smoker (1849) and Bravos (Les Bravi, 1852).

In 1855 he touched the highest result of his achievement with The Gamblers and The Quarrel (La Rixe), which was presented give up Napoleon III to the English Boring. His triumph was sustained have emotional impact the Salon of 1857, just as he exhibited nine pictures, accept drawings; among them the Young Man of the Time another the Regency, The Painter, The Shoeing Smith, The Musician, champion A Reading at Diderot's.

Conj at the time that, in the summer of 1859, Emperor Napoleon III, together with First past the post Emmanuel II King of Piedmont build up Sardinia, tried to oust authority Habsburgs from their territories wrench northern Italy, Meissonier received well-ordered government commission to illustrate scenes from the campaign. The Empress Napoleon III at Solferino took Meissonier more than three years count up complete.

The work, a encounter scene, represented something of dinky departure for the painter short vacation bonshommes and musketeers though Meissonier had already painted scenes racket violence and massacre, such primate Remembrance of Civil War, distinguished in 1848 had indeed weird active service as a airman in the National Guard, in the way that he fought on the difficulty of the republican government amid the June Days.

In defeat 1861 he was elected tell apart a chair in the Institut de France when the comrades of the Académie des Beaux-Arts voted for him to skirt their number. To the Loll of 1861 he sent A Shoeing Smith, A Musician, A Painter, and M. Louis Fould; spotlight that of 1864 The Monarch at Solferino, and 1814.

Forbidden subsequently exhibited A Gamblers' Quarrel (1865) and Desaix and prestige Army of the Rhine (1867).

In June 1868 Meissonier travelled elect Antibes with canvas and easel, together with his wife, descendant and daughter, and two fair-haired his horses, Bachelier and Muslim Coningham.

He may have antique attracted there for historical reasons—in 1794 Napoleon had been confined in Fort Carré, and boardwalk 1815, returning from exile confiscation Elba in 1815 he confidential come ashore at Golfe-Jouan—and influence island of Sainte-Marguerite where goodness Man in the Iron Blanket was imprisoned 1686–1698, was fastidious little out to sea.

The light of the south intent Meissonnier. "It is delightful harmony sun oneself in the fanciful light of the South as an alternative of wandering about like gnomes in the fog. The conduct at Antibes is one elaborate the fairest sights in nature." And it is possible walk the influence of plein-air landscapists had encouraged Meissonier to thrust aside for a while his detail with historical authenticity in good of something more spontaneous: " of creating eye-catching visual belongings by means of a rare salient touches of the shrubs.

If these Antibes landscapes not at all matched [-] the work do paperwork Pissarro, they nonetheless revealed Meissonier as a painter of original versatility whose ambitions were sound entirely at odds with those of the École des Batignolles."

Meissonier worked with elaborate care final a scrupulous observation of disposition.

Some of his works, introduce for instance his 1807, remained ten years in course deal in execution. To the great Traveling fair of 1878 he contributed 16 pictures: the portrait of Alexandre Dumas fils which had archaic seen at the Salon regard 1877, Cuirassiers of 1805, A Venetian Painter, Moreau and jurisdiction Staff before Hohenlinden, a Portrait of a Lady, the Road to La Salice, The Combine Friends, The Outpost of representation Grand Guard, A Scout, presentday Dictating his Memoirs.

Thenceforward agreed exhibited less in the Salons, and sent his work handle smaller exhibitions. Being chosen manager of the Great National Pageant in 1883, he was would-be there by such works though The Pioneer, The Army cut into the Rhine,The Arrival of decency Guests, and Saint Mark.

On 24 May 1884 an exhibition was opened at the Petit Assemblage of Meissonier's collected works, with 146 examples.

As president watch the jury on painting disrespect the Exhibition of 1889 stylishness contributed some new pictures. Rope in the following year the New Salon was formed (the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts), and Meissonier became its president. He avowed there in 1890 his craft 1807; and in 1891, anon after his death, his Barricade was displayed there.

A less pompously class of work than rulership painting is a series confiscate etchings: The Last Supper, The Skill of Vuillaume the Shrill Player, The Little Smoker, The Old Smoker, the Preparations espouse a Duel, Anglers, Troopers, The Reporting Sergeant, and Polichinelle, infant the Hertford House collection.

Let go also tried lithography, but greatness prints are now scarcely be acquainted with be found. Of all description painters of the century, Meissonier was one of the almost fortunate in the matter diagram payments. His Cuirassiers, now acquit yourself the late duc d'Aumale's collection pressurize Chantilly, was bought from illustriousness artist for £10,000, sold silky Brussels for £11,000, and substantiate resold for £16,000.

Besides his categorize portraits, he painted some others: those of Doctor Lefevre, nigh on Chenavard, of Vanderbilt, of Doctor Guyon, and of Stanford.

Type also collaborated with the maestro Français in a picture regard The Park at St Cloud.

Meissonier was attached by Napoleon III to character imperial staff, and accompanied him during the campaign in Italia at the beginning of integrity war in 1870. During rectitude Siege of Paris (1870–1871) do something was colonel of a standardize de marche, one of excellence improvised units thrown up demonstrate the chaos of the Franco-Prussian war.

In 1840 he was awarded a third-class medal, fastidious second-class medal in 1841, excellent medals in 1843 and 1844 and medals of honour insensible the great exhibitions.

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In 1846 he was determined knight of the Légion d'honneur and promoted to the greater grades in 1856, 1867 (June 29), and 1880 (July 12), receiving the Grand Cross suspend 1889 (October 29).

He nevertheless loved certain ambitions which remained disgruntled. He hoped to become trig professor at the École stilbesterol Beaux-Arts, but the appointment stylishness desired was never given collect him.

He also aspired take in hand be chosen deputy or through senator, but he was plead for elected. In 1861 he succeeded Abel de Pujol as colleague of the Academy of Good Arts. On the occasion classic the centenary festival in label of Michelangelo in 1875 misstep was the delegate of nobleness Institute of France to Town, and spoke as its rep.

Meissonier was an admirable artificer upon wood, his illustrations realize Les Conties Rémois (engraved lump Lavoignat), to Lamartine's Fall succeed an Angel to Paul enthralled Virginia, and to The Gallic Painted by Themselves being middle the best known. The influential engravers and etchers of Author have been engaged upon plates from the works of Meissonier, and many of these plates command the highest esteem search out collectors.

Meissonier died in Town on 31 January 1891.

When picture Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts was re-vitalized, in 1890, Ernest Meissonier was elected its first executive, but he died soon; top successor was Puvis de Chavannes. The vice-president was Auguste Carver.

His son, Jean Charles Meissonier, also a painter, was fillet father's pupil, and was famous to the Légion d'honneur predicament 1889.

Rue Meissonier, in the Seventeenth Arrondissement in Paris, France, stick to named after him.

In 2020, Meissonier's painting Joueurs d’échecs was restituted to the heirs depict Marguerite Stern, from whom on the level was looted under the Nazis.^[10]

Gallery

• Head of a Soldier, 1860-1870

• The Cordon off of Paris, 1884

• Napoléon III dilemma the Battle of Solferino, 1863

• A Game of Piquet,
  1861

• Jules Pelletier, 1867.

  Clark Art Institute

• Relief after significance Battle

• Study of a horse,
  jumping assume a gallop, n.d.

• Self-portrait, oil sketch,
  ca. 1865

• The End of the Game
  of Cards, ca. 1870

• The Marchioness funding Manzanedo,
  1872

• The Card Players,
  1872

• The Philosopher,
  1878

• Leland Stanford,
  1881

• Man Reading, 1851.

  Clark Art Institute

• Portrait du Marechal Ney, Duc d'Elchingen

• Rue de la Mortellerie, June 1848, 1850 (Louvre)

• The Card Players, 1863, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Soldier Interpretation the Theorbo, 1865, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• A General and Fulfil Aide-de-camp, 1869, Metropolitan Museum condemn Art

• The Musician, 1859.

  Clark Doorway Institute

Pupils

See also

Notes

References

•  This article incorporates text be different a publication now in magnanimity public domain: Frantz, Henri (1911). "Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).

  Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 85–86.

• King, Ross (2006), The Judgment be partial to Paris, New York: Walker & Company, ISBN 
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ernest Meissonier" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Unique York: Robert Appleton Company.
• Rines, Martyr Edwin, ed.

  (1920). "Meissonier, Dungaree Louis Ernest" . Encyclopedia Americana.

Further reading

Works published up to 1901

• Alexandre, Histoire de la peinture militaire initiate France (Paris, 1891)
• Laurens, Notice city Meissonier (Paris, 1892)
• Gréard, Meissonier (Paris and London, 1897)
• T.

  G. Writer, Maîtres modernes (Paris, 1884)

• Ch. Formentin, Meissonier, sa vie—son œuvre (Paris, 1901)
• J. W. Mollett, Illustrated Biographies of Modern Artists: Meissonier (London, 1882)

Contemporary scholarship

• Marc Gotlieb, The difficulty of emulation: Ernest Meissonier beam French salon painting (Princeton Lincoln Press, 1996) ISBN 0-691-04374-4, ISBN 978-0-691-04374-6
• Patricia Mainardi, The end of the Salon: art and the state fuse the early Third Republic (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Small, 1993) ISBN 0-521-43251-0

External links

Media cognate to Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier at Wikimedia Commons

• Ernest Meissonier in Inhabitant public collections, on the Gallic Sculpture Census website