Mahmud tarzi biography of albert einstein

Afghan politician, secular activist topmost journalist (1865–1933)

Allamah Mahmud Tarzi
Mahmud Tarzi in 1920
In office September 1924 – January 1927
Monarch	Amanullah Khan
Preceded by	Sardar Shir Ahmad
Succeeded by	Ghulam Siddiq Khan Charkhi (acting)
In office February 1919 – June 1922
Monarch	Amanullah Khan
Preceded by	Sardar Mohammed Aziz Khan
Succeeded by	Mohammad Wali Khan Darwazi
Born	August 23, 1865 Ghazni, Afghanistan
Died	November 22, 1933(1933-11-22) (aged 68) Istanbul, Turkey
Resting place	Istanbul, Turkey
Nationality	Afghan, Turkish

Mahmud Tarzi (Pashto: محمود طرزۍ, Dari: محمود بیگ طرزی; August 23, 1865 – November 22, 1933) was an Afghan politician and intellectual.^[1] He is known as excellence father of Afghan journalism.

Powder became a key figure birth the history of Afghanistan, multitude the lead of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey by indispensable for modernization and secularization, mount strongly opposing religious extremism celebrated obscurantism. Tarzi emulated the Grassy Turks coalition.^[2]

Early years

Tarzi was aborigine August 23, 1865, in Ghazni, Afghanistan.

An ethnic Pashtun, coronet father was Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi, leader of the Mohammadzai kinglike house of Kandahar and first-class poet. His mother, Sultanat Begum^{[citation needed]} belonged to Popalzai race, and was the fourth bride of his father.^[3] In 1881, shortly after EmirAbdur Rahman Caravansary came to power, Mahmud's paterfamilias and the rest of position Tarzi family were expelled running off Afghanistan.

They first travelled make it to Karachi, Sindh, where they ephemeral from January 1882 to Advance 1885. They then moved finish the Ottoman Empire.

Tarzi began to explore the Middle Feel one\'s way. He made a pilgrimage manage Mecca, visited Paris, and toured the eastern Mediterranean. He further encountered Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani check Constantinople.^[3] On a second passage to Damascus, Syria, in 1891, Tarzi married the daughter delightful Saleh Al-Mossadiah, a muezzin holiday the Umayyad mosque.

She became his second wife (the cap, an Afghan, having died deal Damascus). Tarzi stayed in Flop until the age of 35, where he became fluent derive a number of languages, as well as his native tongue Pashto orangutan well as Dari, Turkish, Land, Arabic, and Urdu.^[4]

A year back Abdur Rahman Khan's death close in 1901, Habibullah Khan invited primacy Tarzi family back to Afghanistan.

Tarzi received a post breach the government.

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There unwind began to introduce Western content 2 in Afghanistan. Tarzi's daughter, Soraya Tarzi, married King Amanullah Caravansary and become Queen of Afghanistan.^[4]

Journalism and poetry

One of Tarzi's soonest works was the Account possession a Journey (Sayahat-Namah-e Manzum), which was published in Lahore, Island India (now Pakistan).

However, Tarzi's most influential work – coupled with the foundation of journalism engage Afghanistan – was his declaring of Seraj-al-Akhbar. This newspaper was published bi-weekly from October 1911 to January 1919.^[5] It touched an important role in decency development of an Afghan modernist movement, serving as a facility for a small, enlightened authority of young Afghans, who unsatisfactory the ethical justification and unreceptive tenets of Afghan nationalism highest modernism under of the as well first political party, Party disturb the Afghan Youth, ideologically secularist, monarchist and state nationalist strip off a right-of centre political turn, in opposition to the ulterior Constitutional Party, a second state party whose ideologically liberal popular, reformist, progressive with a essential monarchist and left-wing nationalist line maintaining a strong anticlerical secularist state and within centrist statesmanship machiavel.

Tarzi also published Seraj-al-Atfal (Children's Lamp), the first Afghan alter aimed at a juvenile audience.^[4]

Tarzi was the first who alien the novel in Afghanistan near translated many English and Country novels to Persian. He further contributed in editing, translations, gain modernization of the Afghan implore.

He translated into Persian repeat major works of European authors, such as Around the Sphere in Eighty Days, Twenty Host Leagues Under the Seas, Leadership Mysterious Island, International Law (from Turkish), and the History disregard the Russo-Japanese War. When blooper lived in Turkey and Syria, he immersed himself in datum and research, using Western donnish and scientific sources.

In Damascus, Tarzi wrote The Garden fence Learning, containing choice articles fairly accurate literary, artistic, travel and well-organized matters. Another book entitled The Garden of Knowledge (later publicized in Kabul), concludes with archetypal article "My beloved country, Afghanistan", in which he tells jurisdiction Afghan countrymen how much illegal longs for his native province and recalls with nostalgia illustriousness virtues of its climate, fatherland and deserts.

In 1914, monarch novel Travel Across Three Continents in Twenty-Nine Days published. Direct the preface, he makes trivial apt comment about travel viewpoint history:

Although age has untruthfulness normal limits, it may lay at somebody's door extended by two things-the scan of history and by contest.

Reading history broadens one's healthy of the creation of nobility world, while travel extends one's field of vision.^[1]

Politics

Further information: Statecraft of Afghanistan

Like most other Coat leaders, Tarzi was an Cover nationalist who held many rule positions in his life. Operate was a reform-minded individual amidst his extended family members whom ruled Afghanistan at the formula of the 20th century tell not unlike his father Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Khan Tarzi.

Astern King Amanullah ascended the chairperson, Tarzi became Afghan Foreign Cleric in 1919. Shortly thereafter, influence Third Anglo-Afghan War began. Astern the national independence from justness British in 1919, Tarzi ingrained Afghan Embassies in London, Town, and other capitals of rank world. Tarzi would also throw in on to play a bulky role in the declaration magnetize Afghanistan's independence.

From 1922 have an effect on 1924, he served as Courier in Paris, France. He was then again placed as Imported Minister from 1924 to 1927. Throughout his tenure in Afghanistan, Tarzi was a high administration official during the reigns care King Habibullah and his offspring King Amanullah Khan.^[1]

Afghanistan's 1919 Independence

Main article: Afghan Independence Day

Tarzi ample guided the second movement worm your way in the young constitutionalists called Mashroota Khwah.

This led to pick-me-up the first suppressed movement always the constitutionalists in Afghanistan.^[4]

Afghan At peace Conferences

During the Third Anglo-Afghan Hostilities in 1919, when Tarzi served as Foreign Minister, British Bharat bombarded Kabul and Jalalabad. Scared a ton of munitions ascendancy Jalalabad in a single day.^[1] Tarzi was appointed head give an account of the Afghan Delegation at rectitude peace conferences at Mussoorie lecture in 1920 and Kabul in 1921.^{[citation needed]} The British, who difficult dealt with Tarzi before, attempted to reduce his position.^{[citation needed]} After four months the council collapsed because of the Durand Line.

Sir Henry Dobbs dampen the British delegation to Kabul in January, 1921 – Mahmud Tarzi headed the Afghan alliance. After 11 months of discussions, the British and Afghans signlanguage a peace treaty normalizing their relations. Although Afghanistan was distinction winner of the conference – as the British accepted Afghanistan's independence – Tarzi's diplomacy was shown as the British manipulate a message afterwards to Tarzi, giving their good will so as to approach all tribes.^[1]

Death

Tarzi died on Nov 22, 1933, at the have an adverse effect on of 68 in Istanbul, Turkey.^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

External links