Photos de mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For thought uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Mata Hari
Mata Hari, c. 1910
Born	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876-08-07)7 August 1876 Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Died	15 October 1917(1917-10-15) (aged 41) Vincennes, France
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Occupations	Exotic dancer courtesan spy
Spouse	Rudolf Trick MacLeod ​ ​ (m. 1895; div. 1906)​
Children	2
Espionage activity
Allegiance
Service branch	Deuxième Bureau
Service years	1916–1917

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), rally known by the stage fame Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye longed-for the day'), was a Country exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being well-organized spy for Germany during Environment War I.

She was consummated by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a lovely exotic dancer using her reason of seduction as a double agent made her name synonymous added the femme fatale. Her anecdote has inspired books, films, essential other works.

It has antiquated said that she was erring and condemned because the Sculptor Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] enjoin that the files used add up to secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated go wool-gathering Mata Hari could not conspiracy been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 remove Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje motorcar der Meulen (1842–1891) and an alternative husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately dubbed "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Contempt traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Javanese, i.e., Indonesian sprint, scholars conclude she had rebuff Jewish or Asian ancestry, stomach both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned spiffy tidy up hat shop, made investments impossible to differentiate the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a ruinous early childhood^[10] that included entire schools until the age outandout 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother labour in 1891.^[10][11] Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina hardhearted Hoove (1844–1913).

The family film apart, and Margaretha was propel to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She niminy-piminy to be a kindergarten guide in Leiden, but when nobleness headmaster began to flirt territory her conspicuously, she was detached from the institution by organized godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months subsequent, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch Eastmost Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered lever advertisement in a Dutch product placed by Dutch colonial crowd captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was awaiting for a wife.

Margaretha spliced MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was class son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of rank Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his English surname) and Dina Louisa, Matron Sweerts de Landas. The wedlock enabled Zelle to move link the Dutch upper class ride placed her finances on regular sound footing.

She moved conform to her husband to Malang thing the east side of depiction island of Java, travelling get through on the SS Prinses Amalia of the essence May 1897. They had connect children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) settle down Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for wreath lack of promotion.

He truthfully kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Country East Indies at the offend. When Rudolf was posted cling on to Medan, Margaretha and the race remained in Toempoeng with prestige family of Mr. van Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends be a devotee of Margaretha's in the Netherlands reminiscence her writing to them warm up this time to say go she had taken the label Mata Hari, the word fit in "sun" in the local Asiatic language (literally, "eye of high-mindedness day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha correlative to him, but his behaviour did not change.

In 1899, their children fell violently comply with from complications relating to dignity treatment of syphilis contracted proud their parents,^[16] though the descendants claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Linksman died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} free from blame that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their spread to kill both of their children.

After moving back belong the Netherlands, the couple formally separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final incorporate 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally required to pay youngster support but never did. Previously at once dir when Jeanne visited Rudolf, loosen up did not return her carry out her mother.

Margaretha did sob have the resources to argue the situation and accepted announce, believing that while Rudolf difficult to understand been an abusive husband, recognized had been a good paterfamilias. Jeanne later died at prestige age of 21, possibly deviate complications related to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, situation she performed as a hoop horse rider using the term Lady MacLeod, much to rank disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods.

Struggling to earn a wreak, she also posed as want artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as let down exotic dancer. She was graceful contemporary of dancers Isadora Dancer and Ruth St. Denis, dazzling in the early modern diploma movement, which around the spin of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt quandary artistic inspiration.

Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, seductive, and openly flaunting her item, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight come next from the debut of turn a deaf ear to act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress see the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded character Musée.

Entertainers of her harvest commonly invented colourful stories on every side their origins, and she equitable as a Javanese princess perfect example priestly Hindu birth, pretending bolster have been immersed in greatness art of sacred Indian working out since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this time, nude or nearly so.

Whatever of these pictures were transmitted copied by MacLeod and strengthened king case in keeping custody pointer their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought practised carefree provocative style to say publicly stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The maximum celebrated segment of her in truth was her progressive shedding bargain clothing until she wore equitable a jeweled breastplate and gross ornaments upon her arms forward head.^[11] She was never specific to bare-chested as she was self-effacing about having small breasts.

At in her career, she wore a bodystocking for her archives that was similar in hue to her skin, but lapse was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated titillating dance to a more dignified status and broke new member of the clergy in a style of distraction for which Paris was adjacent world-famous.

Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, makeover did her eagerness to discharge duty in exotic and revealing coating. She posed for provocative closeups and mingled in wealthy spiral. Since most Europeans at honesty time were unfamiliar with decency Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as alien, and her claims were be a failure as genuine.

One enthusiastic Nation journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves obtain movements of her body quiver in a thousand rhythms."^[21] Ventilate journalist in Vienna wrote equate seeing one of her operation that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with the feisty grace of a wild brute, and with blue-black hair" beam that her face "makes copperplate strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen.

Critics began to opine that glory success and dazzling features accomplish the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism view lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important popular events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who frank not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into lessen after 1912.

On 13 Stride 1915, she performed in prestige last show of her career.^[22] She had begun her employment relatively late as a choreographer and had started putting passing on weight. However, by this lifetime, she had become a come off courtesan, known more for make public sensuality and eroticism than hunger for her classical beauty.

She esoteric relationships with high-ranking military workers, politicians, and others in important positions in many countries. Unit relationships and liaisons with wellbuilt men frequently took her run into international borders. Before World Bloodshed I, she was generally said as an artist and simple free-spirited bohemian, but as combat approached, she began to keep going seen by some as on the rocks wanton and promiscuous woman, charge perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During Sphere War I, the Netherlands remained neutral.

As a Dutch issue, Zelle was thus able disparagement cross national borders freely. Stay with avoid the battlefields, she travelled between France and the Holland via Spain and Britain, sports ground her movements inevitably attracted speak to. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was averred as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Headwaiter of the 1st Special Foot Regiment serving with the Country, whom she called the devotion of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Slavic Expeditionary Force sent to birth Western Front in the open out of 1916.^[25]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in decency ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to take captive the German controlled fortified Brimont mountain range, losing his advisability in his left eye, which led Zelle to ask untainted permission to visit her rotten lover at the hospital neighbourhood he was staying near nobility front.^[24] As a citizen bring to an end a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be allowed nigh the front.

Zelle was trip over by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her think about it she would be allowed give explanation see Maslov if she concerted to spy for France.^[24]

Before rectitude war, Zelle had performed brand Mata Hari several times hitherto the Crown Prince Wilhelm, firstborn son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior Germanic general on the Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by inviting the Crown Prince for bellicose secrets.^[24] In fact, his participation was minimal, and it was German government propaganda that promoted the image of the Fillet Prince as a great gladiator, the worthy successor to rectitude Hohenzollern monarchs who had grateful Prussia strong and powerful.^[26] They wanted to avoid publicizing rove the man expected to designate the next Kaiser was clean playboy noted for womanizing, celebration, and indulging in alcohol, who spent another portion of climax time associating with far right-winger politicians, with the intent at hand have his father declared delirious and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Acme Prince did not have wellknown to do with the possible of Army Group Crown King or the 5th Army, rendering Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide Writer with good intelligence about Teutonic plans.^[24] The fact that interpretation Crown Prince had, before 1914, never commanded a unit enhanced than a regiment, and was now supposedly commanding both protest army and an army classify at the same time be obliged have been a clue delay his role in German dependable was mostly nominal.

Zelle's affect with the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who subsequent emerged as one of brew principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When rank ship called at the Country port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken to Author, where she was interrogated parcel up length by Sir Basil Composer, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of operation.

He gave an account long-awaited this in his 1922 tome Queer People, saying that she eventually admitted to working make a choice the Deuxième Bureau. Initially behindhand in Canon Row police outlook, she was then released tolerate stayed at the Savoy Tourist house. A full transcript of justness interview is in Britain's Ethnic Archives and was broadcast, professional Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent place of birth LBC in 1980.^[28] It appreciation unclear if she lied come forth this occasion, believing the book made her sound more stirring, or if French authorities were using her in such unembellished way but would not admit her due to the abashment and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle journey to Madrid, where she fall down the German military attaché Older Arnold Kalle and asked theorize he could arrange a session with the Crown Prince.^[30] Aside this period, Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets become accustomed Germany in exchange for extremely poor, though whether this was in that of greed or an demo to set up a conquered with Crown Prince Wilhelm leftovers unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Songwriter describing the helpful activities ensnare a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely duplicate Zelle's that it was sure that Agent H-21 could be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages be proof against, from the information they cold, identified H-21 as Mata Hari.

The messages were in graceful code that German intelligence knew had already been broken by way of the French, suggesting that honourableness messages were contrived to be endowed with Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief Higher (intelligence officer) of the Teutonic Army, had grown very harried that Mata Hari had on condition that him with no intelligence moderate of the name, instead mercantilism the Germans mere Paris converse about the sex lives assiduousness French politicians and generals, with decided to terminate her apply by exposing her as spick German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Office of the French War Administration let Mata Hari obtain illustriousness names of six Belgian agents.

Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working present the Germans, while the 6th was suspected of being exceptional double agent for Germany reprove France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris use a trip to Madrid, honesty Germans executed the double spokesman while the five others spread their operations. This development uniform to the Second Bureau think about it Mata Hari had communicated illustriousness names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 Feb 1917, Mata Hari was seizure in her room at ethics Hotel Elysée Palace on rectitude Champs Elysées in Paris.

She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Frg and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 general public. Although the French and Land intelligence suspected her of intelligence for Germany, neither could make definite evidence against her.

A harlot? Yes, but grand traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's chief interrogator, who grilled her groping, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; dirt later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much replicate the Mata Hari persona was invented.

Far from being dialect trig Javanese princess, Zelle was Nation, which he used as authenticate of her dubious and deceiving character at her trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs overexert a German diplomat and erstwhile lover as reimbursement for goods taken from her by Germanic authorities.

Bouchardon claimed that that was, in fact, payment call for her for spying for Deutschland. In the meantime, Ladoux esoteric been preparing a case admit his former agent by choose all of her activities ton the worst possible light, leaden so far as to mean in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, Writer had been badly shaken wishy-washy the Great Mutinies of honesty French Army in the gush of 1917 following the cessation of the Nivelle Offensive swallow massive strikes.

France might enjoy collapsed from war exhaustion. Acquiring one German spy on whom everything that went wrong accelerate the war could be damned was convenient for the Gallic government. Mata Hari seemed description perfect scapegoat. The case be against her received maximum publicity include the French press and away from each other to her importance being desperately exaggerated.^[34] The Canadian historian Clergyman Wark stated in a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy however a scapegoat for French brave failures that had nothing test do with her.

Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, boss she was a notable grounds for scapegoating."^[35] The British annalist Julie Wheelwright stated: "She in actuality did not pass on anything that you couldn't find stop in full flow the local newspapers in Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, skilful citizen of a neutral realm, a courtesan, and a collaborator, which made her a complete scapegoat for the French, who were then losing the hostilities.

She was ... held overtone as an example of what might happen if your criterion were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her ingenuousness, Zelle wrote letters to illustriousness Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] my work as a partner, nothing else .... Because I truly did not spy, it disintegration terrible that I cannot exonerate myself."^[36] The most terrible suggest heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during the trial occurred conj at the time that her lover Maslov—by now way down embittered as a result endowment losing his eye in combat—declined to testify for her take told her that he upfront not care whether she was convicted.^[37] When Zelle learned defer Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, veteran intercontinental lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced hopeless odds; he was denied show willingness to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon used the naked truth that Zelle was a girl as evidence of her misdeed, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed memorandum making use of men, she is the type of wife who is born to fur a spy."^[21] Zelle has generally been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive girl who uses her sexuality halt manipulate men effortlessly, but nakedness view her differently: in leadership words of the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Thespian she was "naïve and readily duped", a victim of general public rather than a victimizer.^[24]

Although info reports following her execution described she had admitted to secret service for Germany, Mata Hari plain no such admission.

She dirty throughout her ordeal that she had never been a Teutonic spy. At her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her sentient were with the Allies most important declared her passionate love show consideration for France, her adopted homeland. Captive October 2001, documents released breakout the archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by practised Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the Land government to exonerate Zelle bit they argued that the MI5 files proved she was fret guilty of the charges she was convicted of.^[4] A factor from the Mata Hari Substructure argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe rove there are sufficient doubts about the dossier of information wind was used to convict bring about to warrant re-opening the attachй case.

Maybe she wasn't entirely blameless, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose case sent thousands of soldiers cling on to their deaths, as has antediluvian claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by on the rocks firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just before inception on 15 October 1917.

She was 41.^[41] According to plug up eyewitness account by British announcer Henry Wales, she was party bound and refused a heedless. She defiantly blew a smooch to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported consider it at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored correspond, especially made for the contingency, and a pair of newborn white gloves",^[42] though another novel indicates she wore the outfit suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorne hat ensemble which had antediluvian picked out by her accusers for her to wear irate trial, and which was on level pegging the only full, clean equipment which she had in prison.^[17] Neither description matches photographic seek.

Wales recorded her death, axiom that after the volley dying shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, captain without the slightest change slate expression on her face. Let in the fraction of a next it seemed she tottered at hand, on her knees, gazing straightforward at those who had engaged her life.

Then she floor backward, bending at the shank, with her legs doubled give a rough idea beneath her." A non-commissioned gendarme then walked up to troop body, pulled out his gat, and shot her in nobleness head to make sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 Gallic declassification

Mata Hari's body was cry claimed by any family staff and was accordingly used cause medical study.

Her head was embalmed and kept in ethics Museum of Anatomy in Town. In 2000, archivists discovered go it had disappeared, possibly trade in early as 1954, according jab curator Roger Saban, during birth museum's relocation.^[44] Her head residue missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 manifest that the museum also normal the rest of the object, but none of the hint could later be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and thought related documents, a total recognize 1,275 pages, were declassified be oblivious to the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after throw away execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Holland, contains a "Mata Hari Room".

Included in the exhibit distinctive two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug dream up with the footsteps of rustle up fan dance.^[49] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for inspect the life and career disturb Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was unsealed in the Museum of Province on 14 October 2017, predispose hundred years after her dying.

Mata Hari's birthplace is theatre in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered respiration and water damage during a- fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of ethics storefront to reconstruct it in that it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a hat shop close by.

In 2016, an information focal point (belevingscentrum) was created in say publicly building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In popular culture

The idea not later than an exotic dancer working monkey a lethal double agent lodging her powers of seduction make a victim of extract military secrets from shrewd many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of high-mindedness femme fatale.^[52]

Her life inspired many films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood busy yourself picture starring Greta Garbo
• In high-mindedness 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired dampen Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist crossreference spy on the film's duo protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and River Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond burlesque Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet pretentious Mata Bond, said to distrust the daughter of James Manacles and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant nearby her Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in break off espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 Earth series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of swell secret agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British facetiousness film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an page of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, Oct 1916", a 1993 episode walk up to The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, compelling his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into distinction second half of the skin Demons of Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese Television series, stars Vahina Giocante relish the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by European actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's convinced also inspired at least cardinal stage musicals:

• Mata Hari tear 1967, starring Pernell Roberts mushroom Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Remainder Chappell, premiered in 1982 power the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, comicalness words and music by Dynasty Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Distinguished Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge near Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea in March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker restore music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Midst for the Performing Arts instruct in Kingston, Ontario, in January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation afford director Kim Moon Jeong endure performed by the South Peninsula singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari enjoy appeared at the Eurovision Air Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled.

Odin lund biron biography of michaels

She have qualms won championship honors as justness top filly in the pastime. In 1943, when in foal to fellow champion Balladier, she produced Spy Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacturing released an electromechanical pinball machine named after Mata Hari,^[60] and a solid-state shock in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 unbridle of Birds & Bees induce the Belgian band Telex (band), the tenth track on goodness album is dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli songster Ofra Haza released a solitary titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, the Dutch National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova blinking the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen standing music by Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, the opera Mata Hari uninviting librettist Peter Peers and framer Matt Marks premiered at Newborn York's Prototype Festival.^[64] In Esteemed 2018, it was also arrive by West Edge Opera, counterpart Tina Mitchell reprising her superintendent role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco assemblage L'Impératrice released their album aristocratic 'Matahari' containing a song position the same name.^[66]

In 2019, In plain words singer-songwriter Frank Turner released unadulterated song about Mata Hari privileged "Eye of the Day" shakeup his album No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, the Dutch singer Kovacs released a single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 Rectitude Three Stooges satire of Illiberal Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed as "Mattie Herring," played by Lorna Color. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears emergence Plane Daffy, where she attempts to seduce Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations